Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) evaluates how well your lungs work. These tests determine how much air your lungs can hold, how quickly you can move that air in and out of your lungs, and how well your lungs add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from your blood. The tests can diagnose lung diseases and measure the severity of lung problems.

Test Overview

Spirometry is the first lung function test done. It measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. For this test, patients breathe into a mouthpiece attached to a recording device (spirometer). The information collected by the spirometer may be printed out on a chart called a spirogram.

The more common lung function values measured with spirometry are:

• Forced vital capacity (FVC) This measures the amount of air you can exhale with force after you inhale as deeply as possible.
• Forced expiratory volume (FEV) This measures the amount of air you can exhale with force in one breath. The amount of air you exhale may be measured at 1 second (FEV1), 2 seconds (FEV2), or 3 seconds (FEV3). FEV1 divided by FVC can also be determined.
• Forced expiratory flow 25% to 75% This measures the air flow halfway through an exhale (FVC).
• Peak expiratory flow (PEF) This measures how quickly you can exhale. It is usually measured at the same time as your forced vital capacity (FVC).
• Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) This measures the greatest amount of air you can breathe in and out during one minute.
• Total lung capacity (TLC) This measures the amount of air in your lungs after you inhale as deeply as possible.
• Residual volume (RV) This measures the amount of air in your lungs after you exhale with force.
• Other tests such as residual volume, gas diffusion tests, inhalation challenge tests, and exercise stress tests may also be done to determine lung function.